Making Capitalism Without Capitalists keyword civilization Politics and Letters ranges across Politics and Letters ranges across Williams’s biographical development we are now discovering that the “late Althusser’s” theses about aleatory materialism and the need to break with the strict determinism of theories of history in order to devise a new philosophy “for Marx” were being worked out well before 1985 in this reading of Rousseau dating from twelve years earlier Making Capitalism without Capitalists offers a new theory of the transition to capitalism By telling the story of how capitalism is being built without capitalists in post communist Central Europe it guides us towards a deeper understanding of the origins of modern capitalism